Po redaktohet Risan

{{For|the village in Iran|Risan, Iran}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Risan
| native_name            = Рисан
| other_name             = 
| settlement_type        = Town
| image_skyline          = Risan, Bahía de Kotor, Montenegro, 2014-04-19, DD 05.JPG
| image_caption          = 
| image_flag             = 
| image_seal             = 
| image_map              = 
| map_caption            = 
| coordinates            = {{coord|42|30|53|N|18|41|42|E|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map            = Montenegro
| pushpin_label_position = top<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location within Montenegro
| pushpin_mapsize        =
<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type       = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name       = {{MNE}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Municipalities of Montenegro|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[File:Coat of Arms of Kotor.jpg|20px]] [[Kotor Municipality|Kotor]]
| subdivision_type2      = 
| subdivision_name2      = 
| established_title      = 
| established_date       = 
| leader_title           = 
| leader_name            = 
| unit_pref              = Imperial
| area_total_km2         = 
| area_land_km2          = 
| elevation_footnotes    = 
| elevation_m            = 
| elevation_ft           = 
| population_footnotes   = 
| population_total       = 2,034
| population_as_of       = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 
| timezone               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| timezone_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type       = 
| postal_code            = 85337
| area_code              = 032
| registration_plate     = [[Vehicle registration plates of Montenegro|KO]]
| website                = 
| footnotes               = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child         = yes
| part_of       = [[Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor]]
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)}}(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
| ID            = 125ter
| year          = 1979
| extension     = 2012, 2015
}}
}}
'''Risan''' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Рисан, {{IPA-sh|rîsan|pron}}) is a town in the [[Bay of Kotor]], [[Montenegro]]. It traces its origins to the ancient settlement of [[Rhizon]], the oldest settlement in the [[Bay of Kotor]].

Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible limestone cliffs of the [[Orjen]] mountain, the highest range of eastern Adriatic, and through several following narrow straits in the [[Bay of Kotor]] from the open sea.

While the [[Krivošije]] [[karst]] plateau that hangs steep above the narrow shores of Risan bay receives over 5000&nbsp;mm rain annually (European record), several strong karst springs that form a short brook collect in the narrow cultivable belt at Risan.

== Etymology ==
It possibly stands in connection with the [[Albanian language|modern Albanian]] term "rrahe", meaning "forest clearing".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/435630850 |title=Namenforschung : ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik. 1. Teilband |date=1995 |publisher=De Gruyter |others=Ernst Eichler |isbn=978-3-11-020342-4 |location=Berlin |oclc=435630850}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|Rhizon}}
[[File:Risan-Montenegro.RomanMosaics.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Roman mosaics in Risan]]
The earliest mention of [[Rhizon]] dates back to the 4th century BC, as the main fortress in the [[Illyria]]n state where [[Queen Teuta]] took refuge during the [[Illyrian Wars]]. The degree of [[Hellenization]] at Rhizon was very high.<ref>Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes by Danièle Berranger, Pierre Cabanes, Danièle Berranger-Auserve, page 130</ref>{{quote needed|date=July 2015}} In [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, [[Rhizinium]] is documented as an ''oppidum civium Romanorum'', and the most prosperous time for Roman ''Rhizinium'' came during the 1st and 2nd centuries, when huge villas were made in the area and the city had 10,000 inhabitants. Five mosaics are the most valuable remains of that period - not only for Risan but also for [[Montenegro]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://montenegrina.net/nauka/arheologija/rimski-mozaici-iz-risna/|title=Rimski mozaici iz Risna – Montenegrina.net {{!}} Kultura, umjetnost i nasljeđe Crne Gore. Culture, Arts & Heritage of Montenegro.|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-20}}</ref>
 
Circa 500 it became the see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Risano]]. The invasions of the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and [[Slavs]] left the city deserted. The last reference of a Roman [[bishop]] in Risan dates back to 595.

In the 10th century, the [[Byzantine emperor]] [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]] includes Risan among the inhabited towns of [[Travunia]], while the priest of [[Duklja|Doclea]] considers Rissena to be a district.

During the [[Middle Ages]], Risan lost the significance it used to have in the ancient times. No later than the 13th century, the Italians provided the bulk of a henceforward unbroken series of Latin Catholic Bishops of Risano until its suppression circa 1630. 
 
In the mid-15th century, Risan was referred to as a town of [[Herceg Stjepan]]. In 1466, the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] offered to give [[Brač]] island and a palace in [[Split (city)|Split]] to Herceg Stjepan, in exchange for his two towns (Risan and Novi) in the [[Boka Kotorska]].
In 1482, the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] took Risan, together with [[Herceg Novi]], from Herceg Stjepan's son Vlatko, using it as a base for its corsairs to pirate Venetian shipping sailing from their nearby holdings of [[Cattaro]] and [[Perasto]].

Only in 1688 Risan became [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] as part of the [[Albania Veneta]] with the Venetian name of ''Risano'', enjoying a temporary economic growth. In the following centuries Risan has had the same fate as the whole of [[Dalmatia]]. It was for a few years during [[World War II]] part of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] in the Italian [[Governatorate of Dalmatia]] and actually it is part of the newly independent [[Montenegro]].

According to the 1627 population census, Risan had 800 citizens. 570 were Muslim, 150 Orthodox and 80 Catholic.

== Modern Risan ==
[[File:Risan, Bahía de Kotor, Montenegro, 2014-04-19, DD 01.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Risan]]
In the present-day Risan, there are no elements that could connect it to the [[medieval]] town. Risan by the sea was probably just a settlement. However, on the Gradina hill, above the famous archeological site of Carine, a fortification is situated containing remains of an Illyrian acropolis, as well as the medieval and Turkish stratum. The position of the fortification was excellent, particularly for the control of Risan – [[Onogošt]] route, while the hilltop itself was inaccessible.

Today Risan is a small port with roughly 2000 inhabitants (in 1900: around 5000 inhabitants; of them 80% [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christians]], 20% [[Catholics]]) where logs from the vast virgin forests of the [[Bijela gora]] are shipped mostly to [[Italy]]. Risan is a tourist destination that has a hotel called after its most famous citizen, [[Queen Teuta]], with accompanying fine beaches.

Risan is in the northern section of the [[Municipality of Kotor]]

==Demographics==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ethnicity in 2011
!width="150px"|Ethnicity
!width="80px"|Number
!width="80px"|Percentage
|-
| [[Montenegrins]] || 1,032 || 50.7%
|-
| [[Serbs of Montenegro|Serbs]] || 589 || 28.9%
|-
| [[Croats of Montenegro|Croats]] || 31 || 1.5%
|-
| [[Russians]] || 15 || 0.7%
|-
| [[Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians|Egyptians]] || 14 || 0.7%
|-
| other and undeclared || 353 || 17.3%
|-
| '''Total''' || '''2,034'''|| '''100%'''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Rhizon]]
* [[Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor]]
* [[Albania Veneta]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links and sources ==
{{Commons category|Risan}}
*Photos from Risan: [http://www.fotokate.pl/?act=gal&kat=0&podkat=1&str=2&desc=Risan fotokate.pl]
*Photos from Risan: [http://rich.mcclear.net/2013/02/06/1620/   Postcards from the Transition]
*[http://www.mzrisan.0catch.com/ MZ Risan]
*[http://www.letrevenezie.net/pubblicazioni/Veneto%20Cattaro/sommario.htm Venetian Risan and the Bay of Cattaro (in Italian)]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1460.htm GCatholic - ecclesiastical history]

{{Coord|42|30|53|N|18|41|42|E|display=title}}

{{Municipalities of Montenegro}}
{{Illyrians}}
{{Kotor Municipality}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Former populated places in the Balkans]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bay of Kotor]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kotor]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Cities in ancient Illyria]]
[[Category:Illyrian Montenegro]]
[[Category:Coastal towns in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kotor Municipality]]