Po redaktohet International Phonetic Alphabet (paragraf)

=== Vowels<!--subheading 2--> ===
The vowels are similarly manageable by using diacritics for raising, lowering, fronting, backing, centering, and mid-centering.{{NoteTag|"The diacritics...can be used to modify the lip or tongue position implied by a vowel symbol."<ref>{{harv|International Phonetic Association|1999|p=16}}</ref>}} For example, the unrounded equivalent of {{IPA|[ʊ]}} can be transcribed as mid-centered {{IPA|[ɯ̽]}}, and the rounded equivalent of {{IPA|[æ]}} as raised {{IPA|[ɶ̝]}} or lowered {{IPA|[œ̞]}} (though for those who conceive of vowel space as a triangle, simple {{IPA|[ɶ]}} already is the rounded equivalent of {{IPA|[æ]}}). True mid vowels are lowered {{IPA|[e̞ ø̞ ɘ̞ ɵ̞ ɤ̞ o̞]}} or raised {{IPA|[ɛ̝ œ̝ ɜ̝ ɞ̝ ʌ̝ ɔ̝]}}, while centered {{IPA|[ɪ̈ ʊ̈]}} and {{IPA|[ä]}} (or, less commonly, {{IPA|[ɑ̈]}}) are near-close and open central vowels, respectively.

The only known vowels that cannot be represented in this scheme are vowels with unexpected [[roundedness]]. For unambiguous transcription, such sounds would require dedicated diacritics. Possibilities include {{angbr IPA|ʏʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɪʷ}} for protrusion and {{angbr IPA|uᵝ}} (or VoQS {{angbr IPA|ɯᶹ}}) for compression. However, these transcriptions suggest that the sounds are diphthongs, and so while they may be clear for a language like Swedish where they are diphthongs, they may be misleading for languages such as Japanese where they are monophthongs.
The [[extIPA]] 'spread' diacritic {{angbr IPA|◌͍}} is sometimes seen for compressed {{angbr IPA|u͍}}, {{angbr IPA|o͍}}, {{angbr IPA|ɔ͍}}, {{angbr IPA|ɒ͍}}, though again the intended meaning would need to be explained or they would be interpreted as being spread the way that cardinal {{IPA|⟦i⟧}} is. For protrusion (''w''-like labialization without velarization), Ladefoged & Maddieson use the old IPA omega diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA|◌̫}}, for protruded {{angbr IPA|y᫇}}, {{angbr IPA|ʏ̫}}, {{angbr IPA|ø̫}}, {{angbr IPA|œ̫}}. This is an adaptation of an old IPA convention of rounding an unrounded vowel letter like ''i'' with a subscript omega ({{angbr IPA|◌̫}}) and unrounding a rounded letter like ''u'' with a subscript turned omega.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jespersen |first1=Otto |author1-link=Otto Jespersen |last2=Pedersen |first2=Holger |author2-link=Holger Pedersen (linguist) |year=1926 |page=19 |title=Phonetic Transcription And Transliteration, Proposals Of The Copenhagen Conference, April 1925 |publisher=Clarendon |url=https://archive.org/details/jespersen-pedersen-1926-phonetic-transcription-and-transliteration}}</ref>
{{as of|2024}}, the turned omega diacritic is in the pipeline for Unicode, and is under consideration for compression in extIPA.<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24080-ipa-diacritics-above.pdf L2/24-080]</ref>
Kelly & Local use a combining ''w'' diacritic {{angbr IPA|◌ᪿ}} for protrusion (e.g. {{angbr IPA|yᷱ øᪿ}}) and a combining ''ʍ'' diacritic {{angbr IPA|◌ᫀ}} for compression (e.g. {{angbr IPA|uᫀ oᫀ}}).<ref>{{harvnb|Kelly|Local|1989|p=154}}</ref> Because their transcriptions are manuscript, these are effectively the same symbols as the old IPA diacritics, which indeed are historically cursive ''w'' and ''ʍ''. However, the more angular {{angbr IPA|◌ᫀ}} of typescript might misleadingly suggest the vowel is protruded and voiceless (like {{IPA|[ʍ]}}) rather than compressed and voiced.